Ovarian cancer is the 5th most common cancer among women in the SRRHIS region, with 228 cases being reported for 1991 through 1993. Incidence rates for women in the SRRHIS region are lower than Atlanta and all SEER rates, with rates of 12.7 per 100,000 for white females compared to Atlanta (15.8) and SEER (16.0). Incidence rates for black females are lower than for whites, but this is consistent with national patterns (SRRHIS black females: 8.6 per 100,000; Atlanta: 9.8; SEER: 10.3) (Figure 21).

The strongest risk factor for ovarian cancer is a family history of this cancer, especially in more than one relative. Infertility also appears to increase risk. Multiple pregnancies and long term oral contraceptive use both contribute to reduced risk for ovarian cancer.

There are no good population screening techniques yet available for detecting ovarian cancer early, although serum CA 125 antigen and transvaginal ultrasound are useful in diagnosis and are being tested among high risk families.

Ovarian cancer symptoms often present late in the disease. Less than a quarter of women are diagnosed with localized disease, while more than half have distant metastases at diagnosis. Five year relative survival rates are 44 percent for all stages, 91 percent for localized, 50 percent for regional, and 23 percent for distant disease (Kosary, 95).