Functional Neuroimaging Division

References and Key Facts


Core Hardware:

Picker 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner with Whole Body Echoplanar Gradients
GE 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner with MR Spectroscopy Package
3 Picker Triple-headed SPECT scanners
1 Dec Alpha Image Workstation
2 SUN Sparcstation Workstations
Software Packages - ANALYZE, Matlab, MEDX, FIDAP, Statistical Parametric Mapping
Macintosh Graphics machine with MRI compatible projector, screen, earphones

Achievements:

* Completed year 2 of building a comprehensive functional neuroimaging program.

* 6 abstracts accepted for the 3rd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain

*Echoplanar BOLD fMRI
Refined Hardware and Software Work, Initiated projects in:
Attention Deficit Disorder
Schizophrenia
Mood Disorders
Presurgical Mapping with Epilepsy, Tumors
Hearing Impaired

* Perfusion MRI
Refined technique and performed important studies of sensitivity and repeatability
Awarded $150,000 Stanley Grant for serial imaging in Bipolar Disorder
Completed several Bipolar Patients, have also completed projects using this
technique in mania, depression, changes with TMS

* TMS Phase Mapping
(Bohning) developed this technique, first to demonstrate ability, spawned several important and groundbreaking publications and industry collaborations
* Perfusion SPECT scanning
Developed reliable techniques and data flow for sophisticated analysis
Awarded grants in mood disorder, PTSD
Developed normative database


Awards and Honors:

(George) 1997 Southern Association for Research in Psychiatry
Outstanding Young Investigator Award
(Roberts) First prize at MUSC Student Research Day
SC AMA Medical Student Research Award, 1997

Collaborating Faculty Outside of the Core

Neurosurgery
Drs. Patel, Vera, Worthington (Roper)
* Presurgical Mapping of Cortical Function
Neurology
Drs. Holden, Grisemer
* Presurgical Mapping and identification of epileptic sites
Audiology
Dr. Judith Dubno
*Using fMRI to develop auditory tasks for evaluation of central versus peripheral hearing problems
Psychiatry
Drs. Craig Risch, Charles Kellner, Mark Beale
* Using fMRI to help understand brain changes associated with mood and psychotic disorders, as well as interfacing with transcranial magnetic stimulation

Drs. Bruce Lydiard, Mike Johnson, Sarah Book, Olga Mintzer-Brawn,
James Ballenger, Mark Hamner
*Using fMRI to understand the brain basis of anxiety disorders and anxiety

Dr. Randy Sallee
*Using fMRI to understand common neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood such as Tourette's Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder
Dr. Jacobo Mintzer
*Using perfusion MRI to assess the brain changes associated with Alzheimer's Disease

Drs. Robert Malcolm, Raymond Anton, Kathleen Brady, Michael Horner
*Using SPECT and perfusion MRI to assess the brain changes associated with substance abuse

Non-MUSC Collaborators:
Biological Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD
*Using functional imaging to assess the brain basis of emotions and mood

University of Texas - San Antonio - Drs. Peter Fox and Colleagues
*How to combine functional imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation

University of Texas - Dallas - Dr. Bryon Adinoff and colleagues
*How to use perfusion SPECT to image brain changes in cocaine addicts

Emory University - Atlanta - Dr. Chip Epstein
* How to place TMS coils in MRI environments

Industry Research Collaborations:
Picker (MRI), Dupont (SPECT tracer), Dantec (Medtronic, TMS)



Publications and Presentations Arising from Division Activities:

Letters (1 published):
Ketter TA, Andreason PJ, George MS, Lee C, Gill DS, Parekh PI, Willis MW,Herscovitch P, Post RM: Reply to Sarvay SM re: Procaine and Anterior Paralimbic CBF changes. Archives of General Psychiatry 1997: IN PRESS.

Articles (23 published, 7 in press, 2 submitted):

George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams W, Steppel J, Pascual-Leone A, Basser P, Hallett M, Post RM: Changes in Mood and Hormone Levels After Rapid-Rate Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of the Prefrontal Cortex. J Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 1996; 8:172-180.

George MS, Parekh PI, Rosinsky N, Ketter TA, Kimbrell TA, Heilman K, Herscovitch P, Post RM: Understanding Emotional Prosody Activates Right Hemisphere Regions. Archives of Neurology 1996; 53:665-670.

Ketter TA, Andreason PJ, George MS, Herscovitch P, Post RM: Anterior Paralimbic Mediation of Procaine-induced Emotional and Psychosensory Experiences. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996;53:59-69.

Ketter TA, George MS, Kimbrell TA, Benson BE, Post RM: Functional Brain Imaging, Limbic Function, and Affective Disorders. The Neuroscientist 1996; 2,1:55-65.

George MS, Ketter TA, Parekh PI, Herscovitch P, Post RM: Gender Differences in rCBF During Transient Self-induced Sadness or Happiness. Biological Psychiatry 1996;40:859-871.

George MS, Wassermann EM, Post RM: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): A Neuropsychiatric Tool for the Twenty-First Century.J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1996;8:373-382.

Samii A, Wassermann EM, Ikoma K, Mercuri B, George MS, O'Falon A, Dale JK, Straus SE, Hallett M: Decreased Post-Exercise Facilitation of Motor Evoked Potentials in Patients with Chronic Fatigue syndrome or Depression. Neurology 1996; 47:1410-1414.

George MS, Post RM, Ketter TA, Kimbrell TA, Speer AM: Neural Mechanisms of Mood Disorders. Current Review of Mood and Anxiety Disorders. 1997; 1:71-83.

Ketter TA, George MS, Kimbrell TA, Brenson BA, Post RM. Functional Brain Imaging in Mood and Anxiety Disorders.Current Review of Mood and Anxiety Disorders. 1997; 1:96-112.

George MS: TMS: An Issue Worthy of a Single Focus. CNS Spectrums. 1997;2, 1:17-18.

George MS, Speer AM, Wassermann EM, Kimbrell TA, Williams WA, Kellner CH, Risch SC, Stallings L, Post RM: Repetitive TMS as a Probe of Mood in Health and Disease. CNS Spectrums.1997;2,1:39-44.

Martin JD, George MS, Greenberg BD, Wassermann EM, Schlaepfer TE, Murphy DL, Hallett M, Post RM: Mood Effects of Prefrontal Repetitive High-Frequency TMS in Healthy Volunteers. CNS Spectrums.1997;2,1:53-54.

George MS, Ketter TA, Parekh PI, Rosinsky N, Ring HA, Pazzaglia PJ, Marangell L, Post RM: Blunted Left Cingulate Activation in Mood Disorder Subjects During a Response Interference Task (The Stroop). J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997; 9:55-63.

Marangell LB, Ketter TA, George MS, Pazzaglia PJ, Callahan AM, Parekh P, Andreason PJ, Horwitz B, Herscovitch P, Post RM. Thyrotropin-Stimulating Hormone Inversely Correlates With Brain Activity in Mood Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997; 154,2:224-230.

Callahan AM, Frye MA, Marangell LB, George MS, Ketter TA, L'Herrou T, Post RM. Comparative Antidepressant Effects of Intravenous and Intrathecal Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone: Confounding Effects of Tolerance and Implications for Therapeutics. Biological Psychiatry 1997; 41:264-272.

Marangell LB, George MS, Callahan AM, Ketter TA, Pazzaglia PJ, L'Herrou TA, Leverich GS, Post RM: Effects of Intrathecal Thyroptropin-Releasing Hormone (Protirelin) in Refractory Depressed Patients. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1997; 54:214-222.

George MS, Vincent DJ, Roberts DR, Bohning DE, Patel S, Vera C, Cure J, Horton J, Young J: Presurgical Mapping of Regional Brain Activity using Echoplanar BOLD fMRI. Advances in Clinical Research 1997 (Picker White Papers)*.

Greenberg BD, George MS, Dearing J, Benjamin J, Schlaepfer T, Altemus M, Wassermann EM, Hallett M, Murphy DL. Effect of Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A preliminary study. American Journal of Psychiatry 1997; 154:867-869.

Articles, In Press:

Greenberg BD, Hoehn-Saric R, Schlaepfer TE, George MS, Dearing JE, Rubenstein C, Keuler D, McLeod D, Altemus M, Pearlson GD, Murphy DL. Regional Cerebral Blood Flow During Pharmacological and Behavioral Symptom Provocation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1997, in press.

George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WE, Kimbrell TA, Little JT, Hallett M,
Post RM: Daily Left Prefrontal rTMS Improves Mood in Outpatient Depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. (1997, In press).

Roberts DR, Vincent DJ, Speer A, Bohning DE, Cure J, Young J, George MS: Multi-modality Mapping of Motor Cortex: Comparing Echoplanar BOLD fMRI and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. J Neural Transmission. (In Press).

George MS, Ketter TA, Parekh P, Gill DS, Marangell L, Pazzaglia PJ, Herscovitch P, Post RM: Depressed Subjects Have Abnormal Right Hemisphere Activation During Facial Emotion Recognition. CNS Spectrums (In Press, 1997).

Bohning DE, Pecheny AP, Epstein CM, Speer AM, Vincent DJ, Dannals W, George MS: Conventional MRI Can Map In-Vivo the Magnetic Fields Produced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). Neuroreport (In Press, 1997).

Fox P, Ingham R, George MS, Mayberg H, Ingham J, Roby J, Martin C, Jerabek P: Imaging Human Intra-Cerebral Connectivity by PET During TMS. NeuroReport, (In Press, 1997)

Articles, (Submitted):

Bohning DE, Wright AC, Pecheny AP, Vincent DJ, George MS: Repeatability of Spin-labeled In Vivo Perfusion Maps. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (Submitted 6/96).

Stallings LE, Speer AM, Spicer KM, Cheng KT, Molloy M, Risch SC, Vincent DJ, Bohning DE, George MS: Prefrontal rTMS Reduces Relative Perfusion Locally and Trans-Synaptically in a Dose-Dependent Manner. Biol Psychiatry (Submitted 6/97).

Chapters:

George MS, Ketter TA, Post RM: Brain Imaging in Mania. In Mania. P.J. Goodnick (Ed.) American Psychiatric Press: Washington, DC, (In Press).

Ketter TA, Post RM, Denicoff K, Pazzaglia PJ, Marangell LB, George MS,Callahan AM: Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Mania. in Mania. P.J. Goodnick (Ed.) American Psychiatric Press: Washington, DC, (In Press).

George MS, Ketter TA, Post RM: What Functional Imaging Studies Have Revealed About the Brain Basis of Mood and Emotion. In Advances in Biological Psychiatry, 2nd Ed. J. Panksepp (Ed.). JAI Press: Greenwich, Conn. 1996 Chapter 3, 63-113.

George MS, Greenberg BD: Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior. In Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. J Engel, TA Pedly (eds). Raven Press, NY (In Press).

Post RM, Weiss SRB, Ketter TA, Denicoff KD, George MS, Frye M, Leverich GR. Kindling: Implications for the Etiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders.In Current Review of Mood Disorders. A. John Rush (ed.) Current Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (In Press).

Ketter TA, George MS, Kimbrell TA, Willis MW, Benson BE, Post RM: Neuroanatomical Models and Brain Imaging Studies. In Joffe RT, Young LT (eds) Bipolar Disorder: Neurobiology and Clinical Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1995 (In Press).

George MS, Speer AM, Risch CR: Neuroimaging Approaches to the Study of Emotion. In The Neuropsychology of Emotion (J. Borod Ed.). Oxford University Press, 1998, (In Press).

Ketter TA, Bench CJ, George MS, Kimbrell TA, Post RM: Structural and Functional Brain Imaging in Resistant Mood Disorders. In Textbook of Refractory Mood Disorders. (M. Hornig-Rohan, JD Amsterdam, A Nierenberg (Eds.)). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.

George MS, Speer AM, Bohning DE, Risch SC, Vincent DJ, Upadhyaya V, Kellner CH, Arana GW, Ballenger JC: New Methods for Understanding How the Brain Regulates Mood: Serial Perfusion fMRI and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. In Neuroimaging in Psychiatry, Rauch and Dougherty (eds), APA Press, 1998.

George MS, Speer AM, Kimbrell TA, Risch CR, Kellner CH, Wassermann EM, Ballenger JC, Post RM: rTMS as a Probe of Neuroanatomic Models of Depression. In Models of Depression, Ebmeier and Goodwin (eds),

Abstracts and Presentations (National and International, 41):

Ketter TA, Kimbrell TA, George MS, Stein RM, Willis MW, Benson BE, Frye MA, Cora-locatelli G, Post RM: Baseline Hypermetabolism May Predict Carbamazepine Response, and Hypometabolism Nimodipine Response in Mood Disorders. CINP, Australia, 1996.

Frye MA, Mathe AA, Gary KA, George MS, Huggins T, Cora-Locatelli G, Pazzaglia PJ, Davis C, Rubinow D, Winokur A, Post RM. CSF Neuropeptide Dysregulation in Patients with Affective Disorder. Biological Psychiatry 1996,39:596. New York, NY.

Ketter TA, George MS, Kimbrell TA, Stein RM, Willis MW, Benson BE, Frye MA, Cora-locatelli G, Post RM: Prefrontal and anterior paralimbic dysfunction in primary and secondary mood disorders: Evidence of common neural substrates. 8th Congress of the Association of European Psychiatrists. London, July 7-12, 1996.

Beale MD, Kellner C, Gordan B, Spicer K, George MS: Ictal Brain SPECT in Patients Undergoing ECT. 1996 Association of Convulsive Therapy Scientific Program Abstract, May, New York, NY.

George MS: Rapid Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) - A Potential New Neuropsychiatric Treatment. Part of a scientific program on 50 years of Somatic treatments in psychiatry. Biological Psychiatry 1996;39:512. New York, NY.

Kimbrell TA, Ketter TA, George MS, Stein RS, Danielson A, Willis M, Post RM: Anterior Paralimbic Hypometabolism in Patients with Unipolar Depression in Remission. New Research Poster and Abstracts # 462, 149th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May, 1996, New York, NY.p. 196.

Kimbrell TA, Willis MW, Ketter TA, George MS, Andreason PJ, Stein RS, Danielson A, Benson B, Post RM: Increased Basal Ganglia, Thalamic and Anterior Cingulate Metabolism in Women Compared to Men. New Research Poster and Abstracts #463, 149th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May, 1996, New York, NY.p. 196.

Frye MA, Kimbrell TA, Mathe AA, George MS, Ketter TA, Willis M, Stein R, Danielson A, Post RM: Neuroimaging Neuropeptide Correlation: CGRP and FDG PET. New Research Poster and Abstracts, 149th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May, 1996, New York, NY.

Dearing JE, George MS, Greenberg BE, Wassermann EM, Schlaepfer TE, Post RM: Effects of Prefrontal rTMS on Mood and Anxiety in Healthy Volunteers: A Replication Study. New Research Poster and Abstracts NR 182, 149th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May, 1996, New York, NY. p. 116.

George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, Kimbrell TA, Little JT, Hallett M, Post RM: Daily Left Prefrontal rTMS in Outpatient Depression: Initial results of a double-blind placebo controlled trial. New Research Poster and Abstracts #768, 149th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May, 1996, New York, NY.p. 280-281.

Vincent DJ, Halford J, Steedman J, Wright AC, Webb J, Pecheny A, Bohning DE, Frey D, Cure J, Horton J, Young J, Dannels WR, George MS: An Initial Clinical Study Using Echoplanar BOLD fMRI to Determine Language Location by Hemisphere. 2nd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain, June 17-21, 1996, Boston, MA.

Bohning DE, Wright AC, Pecheny AC, George MS: Repeatability of Spin label-based In-vivo Perfusion Maps. 2nd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain, June 17-21, 1996, Boston, MA.

George MS, Kimbrell TA, Ketter TA, Post RM: Transient Sadness in Depression and Health. X World Congress of Psychiatry, aug 23-28, 1996, Madrid, Spain.

Sallee FR, Vrindavanam NS, George MS, Hamamdzic SA, Ma JX: The Functional Effect of the Second Transmembrane Leucine Zipper Motif of the Dopamine Transporter. Neuroscience 1996, Washington, DC.

Vincent DJ, Bryant AE, Roberts DR, Halford JJ, Worthington WC, Vera CL, George MS: Preliminary Results of Multimodality Presurgical Evaluation for Intractable Epilepsy. Society For Neuroscience 1996, Washington, DC.

George MS, Wassermann EM, Kimbrell T, Speer AM, Stallings L, Roberts D, Vincent D, Beale M, Cheng K, Spicer K: An Overview of Initial Studies Combining Conventional Functional Imaging (PET, SPECT, fMRI) with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to Actively Probe Brain-Behavior Relationships. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neuroscience, 1997;9:131, poster 6.

Greenberg BD, Dearing J, George MS, Wassermann EM, Grafman J, Kimbrell T,Jacobsen F, Post RM, Murphy DL: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of Prefrontal Cortex in Depression: Effects of a Single rTMS Session. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosc. 1997;9:143,#P43.

George MS, Wassermann EM, Speer AM, Kimbrell TA, Stallings L, Vincent DJ, Roberts DR, Epstein CM: Beyond Functional Imaging: Combining Functional Imaging (SPECT, PET, fMRI) with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to Actively Probe Brain-Behavior Relationships. 150th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May, 1997, San Diego, Cal.Paper #46, p. 19.

Ketter TA, George MS, Kimbrell TA, Little JT, Post RM: Brain Imaging in Bipolar Disorders. 150th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May, 1997, San Diego, Cal.

Ketter TA, George MS, Kimbrell TA, Little JT, Frye MA, Cora-locatelli G, Post RM: Preliminary Evidence of Prefrontal and Anterior Paralimbic Baseline Markers of Psychotropic Responses in Mood Disorders.American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1996, San Juan, PR.

Ketter TA, Kling MA, George MS, Kimbrell TA, Lefter L, Willis MW, Benson BE, Herscovitch P, Post RM: Relationships Between Procaine-Induced Increases in CBF and Cortisol, ACTH, and Prolactin in Healthy Volunteers. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1996, San Juan, PR.

George MS, Cloninger CR, Kimbrell TA, Willis M, Parekh PI, Danielson A, Ketter TA, Herscovitch P, Post RM: Toward the Neurobiological Basis of Temperament: PET Studies of Cloninger's Tridimensional Scale in Healthy Adults.American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1996, San Juan, PR.

Wassermann EM, Kimbrell TA, George MS, Danielson AL, Herscovitch P,Hallet M, Post RM: Local and distant changes in cerebral glucose metabolism during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. 1997 Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology

Vincent DJ, Roberts DR, Speer AM, Bohning DE, George MS: Merging Methodologies: Mapping Motor Cortex with Echoplanar BOLD fMRI and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Fifth Scientific Meeting, April, 1997, Vancouver, BC.

Stallings LE, Speer AM, George MS, Spicer K, Cheng KT: Neurolite SPECT Imaging as a Predictor of Treatment Response to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. 44th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine June 1997, San Antonio, TX.

Speer AM, Upadhyaya V, Bohning DE, Vincent DJ, George MS: New Windows into Bipolar Illness: Serial Perfusion MRI Scanning in Rapid Cycling Bipolar Patients. 150th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May, 1997, San Diego, Cal NR 168, p. 111.

Stallings LE, Speer AM, Spicer KM, Cheng KT, George MS: Combining SPECT and Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) - Left Prefrontal Stimulation Decreases Relative Perfusion Locally in a Dose-Dependent Manner. 3Rd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain (May 1997). Neuroimage 1997;5,4:S521.

George MS, Speer AM, Stallings LE, Bohning DE, Roberts DR, Vincent DJ, Epstein CM, Wassermann EM, Kimbrell TA: Beyond Functional Imaging: Combining Functional Imaging (SPECT, PET, fMRI) with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to Actively Probe Brain-Behavior Relationships. 3rd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain (May 1997).Neuroimage 1997;5,4:S519.

Vincent DJ, Dubno JR, Horwitz AR, George MS: An Auditory fMRI Study Comparing Passive and Active Listening to Speech. 3rd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain (May 1997). Neuroimage 1997;5,4:S189.

Bohning DE, Pecheny AP, Epstein CM, Speer AM, Vincent DJ, George MS: In-Vivo Three Dimensional Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Field Mapping with MRI. 3rd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain (May 1997).Neuroimage 1997;5,4:S522.

Bohning DE, Speer AM, Pecheny AP, Vincent DJ, George MS: Acetazolamide-induced perfusion changes measured with MR spin-labeling. 3rd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain (May 1997).Neuroimage 1997;5,4:S380.

Bohning DE, Epstein CM, Vincent DJ, George MS: Deconvolution of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) maps. 3rd International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain (May 1997).Neuroimage 1997;5,4:S520.

Wassermann EM, Weegartner F, George MS, Chen R: Decreased Excitability in the Unstimulated Hemisphere After 1 Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. International Clinical Neurophysiology Meeting, Florence, Italy 1997.

Adinoff B, Devous MD, George MS, Best S, Alexander D: SPECT Following IV Procaine in Cocaine Addiction. CPDD 1997.

Kimbrell TA, Wassermann EM, George MS, Dunn R, Danielson AL, Benson BE, Post RM: Regional Decreases in Glucose Metabolism with Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): a new technique for tracing functional brain networks. Neuroscience 1997.

Fox PT, Ingham R, George MS, Mayberg HS, Ingham J, Roby J, Martin C, Jerabek P: Imaging Human Intra-Cerebral Connectivity by PET/TMS.Neuroscience 1997.

George MS, Speer AM, Stallings L, Wassermann EM, Kimbrell TA, Epstein C, Risch SC, Post RM: Combining TMS with Functional Imaging. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:76S #261.

Kimbrell TA, George MS, Danielson AL, Dunn RT, Benson BE, Little JT, Herscovitch P, Hallett M, Post RM, Wassermann EM: Changes in Cerebral Metabolism during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41: 108S, # 374.

Frye MA, Kimbrell TA, Willis MW, Ketter TA, George MS, Pazzaglia PJ, Dunn RT, Luckenbaugh D, Huggins T, Little JT, Vanderham L, Danielson A, Benson B, Davis C, Rubinow D, Post RM: Low CSF Somatostatin and Cerebral Hypometabolism in Depression. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41: 32S, #111.

Frye MA, Pazzaglia PJ, Luckenbaugh D, Kimbrell TA, Little JT, Dunn RT, George MS, Huggins T, Vanderham L, Leverich GS, Davis C, Rubinow DR, Post RM: Baseline CSF Somatostatin Predictive of Nimodipine Treatment Response. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41: 33S, #112.

Grant Awards:
FUNDED (13 Funded Grants, 1996-97)
M. George
Co-investigator (5% - 5,000/year) - Pergolide in Children with Tourette's Syndrome, F.R. Sallee PI. $428,336/ 3 years. Funded through the FDA, Orphan Drug Grant. Funded to begin 7/95.

Co-investigator - Limbic Sensitivity in Cocaine Addiction, Bryon Adinoff, PI. $274,738, R21 National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)Funding began 11/95.

Principle Investigator - Fast MRI Brain Scanning in Alcoholism, $25,000/year x 3 years (5% salary) - $75,000, part of a $1.7 million NIAAA Center Grant, James C. Ballenger, PI, Raymond F. Anton, and Carrie Randall, Coordinators. Submitted 2/15/95. Funding began 12/95.

Principle Investigator - ($60,000 over two years (5% salary)) - A Dose Finding Study of Left Prefrontal Rapid Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to Treat Depression'. 1996 NARSAD Young Investigator Award. Start Date 6/96.

Co-investigator - Phase II, Eight-week, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study Evaluating the Toleration, Safety and Efficacy of Oral Ziprasidone (Cp-88,059-1) in Children and Adolescents with Tourette's Syndrome. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. Floyd R. Sallee, PI. Start Date 5/96.

Principle Investigator (10% salary for 2 years) Serial fMRI Perfusion Scans in Rapid-cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder Subjects: A pilot study using a novel non-invasive tool to longitudinally examine regional brain activity changes as a function of mood and disease progression. ($150,000 over two years (10% salary)).Stanley Foundation 1996 Research Awards. Start Date 7/96.

Consultant - Swiss National Scientific Research Grants - T. Schlaepfer, MD, PI. Effect of Rapid Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Refractory Major Depression. Submitted 9/95, funding to begin 6/96. 7 years duration.

Principle Investigator - Neurolite SPECT Imaging of rCBF as a Predictor of Response to Antidepressant Activity (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation). ($60,000 of radiotracer) Dupont Pharma. CG #96028. Submitted 5/96.

Principle Investigator - Volumetric and functional MRI scanning in schizophrenia patients before and after treatment with risperidone. Janssen Pharmaceutica. ($58,750) Funding begins 8/96.

Principle Investigator - MR Spectroscopy measurements of NAA and MI in Probable Alzheimer's Disease Patients Before and After Treatment with Milameline or Placebo. Small Grant ($24,000) Parke-Davis.

Consultant - The Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation - Connecticut, - Dennis Charney,MD and Nash Boutros, MD co-principal investigators. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Treatment of Depression.

Principle investigator - Volumetric and functional MRI scanning in depression,social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after treatment with fluvoxamine. Solvay-Duphar, James C. Ballenger, PI $20,000 (Funded 4/97).

Principle investigator - Volumetric and Functional (Perfusion) MRI scanning in schizophrenia patients before, during and after treatment with Olanzepine:Using Imaging to Document Speed of Response. Eli Lilly $46,000 direct costs (Funded 4/97).

GRANT FUNDING: Grants Submitted and Under Review (16)

Co-investigator - United States Israeli Binational Science Foundation. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Rat Models of Depression and in Depressed Patients. R.H. Belmaker, PI. Submitted 11/96.

Co-investigator (10% salary) - NIDA 'Cerebral Vasodilators in Relapse to Cocaine Use' Robert Malcolm PI. 7/1/96 - 6/30/01 ($2,457,949). Submitted 2/96).

Co-investigator - VA Merit Review (Mark Hamner, PI) Neuroimaging in PTSD: The Effects of Stroop Interference During Functional MRI. ($120,000) Submitted 6/96.

Co-investigator - Volumetric and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Patients Before and After Treatment with Buspirone (Olga Mintzer, MD PI). Bristol-Meyers Squibb. ($50,000 over two years). Submitted 6/96.

Co-investigator - Parke-Davis protocol #979-15 A 52 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of milameline in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease with extended open label treatment. J.Mintzer, MD MUSC PI. Start 7/96.

Co-investigator - Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of Brain Activity Before and After Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH): A Comparison of Treatment-Resistant Patients with Non-ill Controls. Michael R. Johnson, MD, PI. NARSAD Young Investigator Award. ($60,000 over 2 years, M George 5% salary)(submitted 10/28/96).

Co-investigator - Cognitive and SPECT Predictors of Drug Treatment Outcome. Michael D. Horner, PhD P.I. NIDA ($256,618). M George 5% salary) (submitted 10/15/96).

Co-investigator - Brain Imaging in Cocaine Users with and without Antisocial Personality Disorder. Robert J. Malcolm, MD PI. NIDA ($1,434,912). (M George 5% salary). (submitted 10/15/96).

Co-investigator - The Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Stuttering. Peter J. Fox, PI, Roger Ingham, C-PI. NINDS ($50,000) (submitted 11/20/96) 1 year, MG 10% effort.

Principle Investigator - rTMS Studies of Mood Regulation. NIMH R29 (FIRST), submitted 2/6/97, 5 years , $350,00 direct costs, 50% effort.

Co-investigator - Limbic Sensitivity in Cocaine Users. Bryon Adinoff, MD PI. NIDA, submitted 2/6/97 3 years $250,000. 5% effort.

Co-investigator - fMRI Perfusion Scans in ECT. M. Beale, PI. Stanley Foundation (submitted 3/97) ($150,000 over two years).

Co-investigator - Non-neuroleptic treatments of childhood Tourette's Syndrome. F.R. Sallee, PI. NIMH (10% salary over 5 years).(submitted 2/97).

Co-mentor - KO1 Mentored Clinical Scientist Investigator Award NIDA - FR Sallee, PI. Behavioral and fMRI Effects of Sensitization in Cocaine exposed children. 5 years, $750,000. 5% effort. (submitted 6/97).

Consultant - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment of Depression - David Avery, PI - R01, NIMH, $1,008,696 over three years (submitted 6/97).

Co-investigator - Cognition and rCBF in Cocaine Dependent Alcoholics. M Horner, PI. NIDA FIRST Award, $350,000 total budget. (submitted 6/97).